Dr. van Hulst’s school was diagonally opposite a theater that was being used by the Nazis as a way station for Jews sent to the Westerbork transit camp in the northeastern part of the country. From there, Dutch Jews would be moved to death camps in German-occupied Poland.
At the theater, Jewish children under 12 were separated from their parents and sent to a Jewish nursery across the street, said Bart Wallet, a historian at Vrije University in Amsterdam. When there were too many children for the facility, authorities asked Dr. van Hulst if they could use the spare room in the teachers’ academy.
Wallet said that Dr. van Hulst set up an “ingenious system” along with Walter Süskind, a German-born Jew, and Henriëtte Pimentel, who ran the Jewish nursery.
Süskind had fled Germany after Hitler’s rise to power and established himself in Amsterdam. Through his involvement with the local Jewish council, one of many municipal administrations the Germans formed to carry out Nazi orders, Süskind was charged with running the theater and registering the local Jews.
But Süskind made hundreds of children vanish from the administrative records after they had been separated from their parents and kept at the nursery next to Dr. van Hulst’s school. If Pimentel transferred 30 children to Dr. van Hulst’s school, they only wrote down 25 names, Wallet said.
Wallet described Süskind, Dr. van Hulst and Pimentel as “the brains of this whole smuggling network,” which also involved the help of Dr. van Hulst’s students and some expert timing.
A tram ran through the street separating Dr. van Hulst’s school from the theater. Dr. van Hulst and his student helpers waited for the precise moment the tram stopped, temporarily blocking the SS officers’ view of the school, to hide the Jewish children in baskets and sacks, Wallet explained.
The children would then be taken to their next underground destination in German-occupied Holland. Most scholars estimate this operation saved about 600 children, Wallet said.
In the spring of 1945, one of the collaborators in the operation was arrested and tortured into giving up Dr. van Hulst’s name, Wallet said. Fearing execution, Dr. van Hulst went into hiding until the Netherlands was liberated by Allied forces in May.
After the war, Dr. van Hulst turned to politics. He was a member of the Dutch Senate from 1956 to 1981 and of the European Parliament for much of the 1960s. He also was an emeritus professor of pedagogy at Vrije University and played in chess tournaments. He refrained from talking about his role in the resistance to German occupation.
“I resolutely closed the book,” he told the Dutch newspaper Het Parool in 2015. He said he declined to “play a resistance hero” in the media, adding, “I actually only think about what I have not been able to do. To those few thousand children that I could not have saved.”
A Holocaust museum, which is still under development, now occupies the site of Dr. van Hulst’s old school.
Johan Wilhelm van Hulst was born in Amsterdam on Jan. 28, 1911. His father was a furniture upholsterer, and his mother was a homemaker.
He graduated in 1929 from a pedagogical academy in Amsterdam and, at Vrije University, received a master’s degree in philosophy, a second master’s in pedagogy and a doctorate.
His wife of 69 years, Anna Jannetta Donker, died in 2006. Survivors include two daughters, Catharina Koot-van Hulst and Diane Schoonemann-van Hulst; two grandchildren; and three great-grandchildren, according to Wallet.
For all the attention he later received for his success at saving lives, Dr. van Hulst said he was traumatized by memories of those he could not rescue. In September 1943, Dr. van Hulst recalled, he found out that the Jewish child-care center was about to be closed. He was asked how many of the remaining children he could smuggle to safety before they fell into the hands of the Germans.
“Now try to imagine 80, 90, perhaps 70 or 100 children standing there, and you have to decide which children to take with you,” Dr. van Hulst said, according to Yad Vashem. “That was the most difficult day of my life. . . . You know for a fact that the children you leave behind are going to die. I took 12 with me. Later on I asked myself: ‘Why not 13?’ ”
post orignally from The Washington Post